Small Cell Lung Cancer: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Explained
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive form of lung cancer that spreads quickly.
It accounts for about 10-15% of all lung cancer cases and is strongly linked to smoking.
Early detection and treatment are crucial to improving survival rates.
This guide explores the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for SCLC, helping patients and caregivers understand the condition better.
Causes of Small Cell Lung Cancer
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Smoking and Tobacco Exposure
The leading cause of SCLC.
Smoking damages lung cells, leading to cancerous changes over time.- 90% of SCLC cases are linked to smoking
- Secondhand smoke exposure also increases risk
- Risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked
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Environmental and Occupational Risks
Exposure to harmful substances can contribute to lung cancer.
Long-term exposure increases the likelihood of developing SCLC.- Radon gas – A naturally occurring radioactive gas
- Asbestos – Found in industrial and construction environments
- Air pollution – Chronic exposure to polluted air
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Genetic and Family History
Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to lung cancer.
A family history of SCLC can increase risk.- Inherited gene mutations may play a role
- Family history of lung cancer may increase susceptibility
Symptoms of Small Cell Lung Cancer
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Early-Stage Symptoms
Symptoms may not appear until the cancer has spread.
Early signs often mimic other respiratory conditions.- Persistent cough
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain or discomfort
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Advanced-Stage Symptoms
As cancer spreads, symptoms become more severe.
It may affect other organs and overall health.- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue and weakness
- Swelling in the face or neck
- Bone pain
Treatment Options for Small Cell Lung Cancer
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Chemotherapy
The primary treatment for SCLC.
It targets rapidly growing cancer cells.- Common drugs: Cisplatin, Etoposide
- Often combined with radiation therapy
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Radiation Therapy
Used to shrink tumors and relieve symptoms.
Can be applied to the chest or brain.- Thoracic radiation – Targets tumors in the lungs
- Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) – Prevents cancer from spreading to the brain
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Immunotherapy
A newer approach that helps the immune system fight cancer.
Often used alongside chemotherapy.- Drugs like Atezolizumab and Durvalumab
- Shown to improve survival rates
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Surgery
Rarely used for SCLC.
Only considered in very early-stage cases.- Usually followed by chemotherapy
- Not an option for most patients due to rapid cancer spread